BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Phytophthora capsici is a devastating pathogen that causes significant yield losses in black pepper (Piper nigrum) globally. Given the need for environmentally safe alternatives to chemical fungicides. this study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic potential of rhizobacteria isolated from black pepper rhizospheres in Bangka and Sukamulya. Indonesia. https://www.incredibleindiatourtravels.com/